Joint routines involve which of the following?

Joint routines are interactive activities where individuals participate together, either simultaneously or in a turn-taking manner. This type of engagement is fundamental in speech-language therapy, as it encourages communication and social interaction. By engaging in joint routines, participants can model language use, share attention, and develop social skills in a meaningful context.

The focus on simultaneous or turn-taking activities helps to foster mutual engagement, which is essential for language development. Through these interactions, the individuals involved can practice language skills in real-time, respond to each other, and build a connection that facilitates effective communication.

Other options, such as merely listening without engaging (like simply listening while the SLPA speaks), visual engagement without interaction, or playing independently without interaction, do not promote the cooperative and communicative nature that is essential to joint routines. Effective participation requires active involvement, making simultaneous or turn-taking activities the correct embodiment of what joint routines entail.