What defines a criterion-referenced test?

A criterion-referenced test is designed to measure an individual's performance against a specific set of standards or criteria. This type of assessment evaluates whether a student can demonstrate knowledge or skills that are expected at a certain level, rather than comparing their performance to that of other students. By using predetermined benchmarks, criterion-referenced tests allow educators to determine whether each student has achieved the learning goals set forth in the curriculum.

This focus on meeting defined standards distinguishes criterion-referenced tests from norm-referenced tests, which rank students based on their performance relative to a norm group. The other options reflect aspects of assessment that either do not involve specific standards, do not focus on comparative performance, or do not pertain specifically to the concept of criterion-referenced evaluations. Thus, the correct understanding of a criterion-referenced test lies in its emphasis on evaluation against established criteria.